typescript 学习 2

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函数

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function add(x: number, y: number): number {
    return x + y;
}

let myAdd = function(x: number, y: number): number { return x + y; };

可选参数

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function buildName(firstName: string, lastName?: string) {
    if (lastName)
        return firstName + " " + lastName;
    else
        return firstName;
}

let result1 = buildName("Bob");  // works correctly now
let result2 = buildName("Bob", "Adams", "Sr.");  // error, too many parameters
let result3 = buildName("Bob", "Adams");  // ah, just right

剩余参数

剩余参数会被当做个数不限的可选参数。 可以一个都没有，同样也可以有任意个。 编译器创建参数数组，名字是你在省略号（ …）后面给定的名字，你可以在函数体内使用这个数组。

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function buildName(firstName: string, ...restOfName: string[]) {
  return firstName + " " + restOfName.join(" ");
}

let employeeName = buildName("Joseph", "Samuel", "Lucas", "MacKinzie");

this

this 参数

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function f(this: void) {
    // make sure `this` is unusable in this standalone function
}

重载

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let suits = ["hearts", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"];

function pickCard(x: {suit: string; card: number; }[]): number;
function pickCard(x: number): {suit: string; card: number; };
function pickCard(x): any {
    // Check to see if we're working with an object/array
    // if so, they gave us the deck and we'll pick the card
    if (typeof x == "object") {
        let pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * x.length);
        return pickedCard;
    }
    // Otherwise just let them pick the card
    else if (typeof x == "number") {
        let pickedSuit = Math.floor(x / 13);
        return { suit: suits[pickedSuit], card: x % 13 };
    }
}

let myDeck = [{ suit: "diamonds", card: 2 }, { suit: "spades", card: 10 }, { suit: "hearts", card: 4 }];
let pickedCard1 = myDeck[pickCard(myDeck)];
alert("card: " + pickedCard1.card + " of " + pickedCard1.suit);

let pickedCard2 = pickCard(15);
alert("card: " + pickedCard2.card + " of " + pickedCard2.suit);

泛型

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interface GenericIdentityFn {
    <T>(arg: T): T;
}

function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
    return arg;
}

let myIdentity: GenericIdentityFn = identity;

枚举

模块

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export interface StringValidator { // 导出
    isAcceptable(s: string): boolean;
}

declare module "event" { // 声明一个外部模块。不会有任何导出存在生成的资源中。
    export const a = '1';
    export const b = 2;
}


// 另一个文件通过下面这句话引入
/// <reference path="interface.d.ts" />

命名空间

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// namespace.ts
namespace Test {
    export const name: string = 'tzx';
}
// 打包生成一个对象